PVC Plastics Polyvinyl Chloride

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a popular thermoplastic that contains high levels of chlorine which can reach up to 57%. Carbon, which is derived from oil or gas is also used in its fabrication. It is an odorless and solid plastic that is white, brittle and can also be found on the market in the form of pellets or white powder. PVC resin is often supplied in the powder forms and its high resistance to oxidation and degradation make it possible to store the material for long periods. Some authors/activists that oppose the manufacturers of PVC often refer to it as the Poison Plastic due to the toxic pollutants it might release. When plasticizers are added it becomes softer and more flexible. Uses of PVC PVC is predominant in the construction industry due to its low production cost, malleability, and light weight. It is used as a replacement for metal in many applications where corrosion can compromise functionality and escalate maintenance costs. Many of the worlds pipes are made from PVC and these are used in industrial and municipal applications. It is also used to make pipe fitting and pipe conduits. It does not have to be welded and can be connected with the use of joints, solvent cement and special glues--key points that highlight its installation flexibility. The material is also present in the electrical components such as electrical insulation, wires, and cable coatings. In the healthcare industry, it is used to make feeding tubes, blood bags, intravenous (IV) bags, parts of dialysis devices and many other items. This is only possible when phthalates are added to it. Phthalates are used as plasticizers to produce flexible grades of PVC (and other plastics), thus making it better suited for the aforementioned applications due to improved performance characteristics. Common consumer products such as raincoats, plastic bags, toys, credit cards, hoses, doors and window frames and shower curtains are also made from PVC. This is not an exhaustive list of the many products that can be found around the household with PVC as its main constituent. Advantages of PVC As mentioned earlier, PVC is a low-cost material that is lightweight and as such, is easy to handle and install. Compared to other types of polymers, its manufacturing process is not limited to the use of crude oil or natural gas. Some use this point to argue that it a sustainable plastic since these forms of energy are known to be nonrenewable. PVC is also a durable material and is not affected by corrosion or other forms of degradation.   It can easily be converted into different forms making its use across various industries an evident advantage. Being a thermoplastic it can be recycled and converted into new products for different industries, but this is not an easy process due to the many formulations used to manufacture PVC. It also presents chemical stability which is an important factor when PVC products are applied in environments with different types of chemicals. This characteristic guarantees that it maintains its properties without undergoing significant changes when chemicals are added.   Other advantages include: BiocompatibleClarity and transparencyResistance to chemical stress crackingLow thermal conductivityRequires little to no maintenance Disadvantages of PVC PVC is often referred to as the Poison Plastic and this is due to the toxins it can release during manufacture, when exposed to fire, or decomposed in landfills. These toxins have been linked to health problems that include, but are not limited to cancer, birth development problems, endocrine disruption, asthma, and lung problems. While many PVC manufacturers point to its high content of salt as being a major advantage, it is this main ingredient along with the possible release of dioxin and phthalate that are possible contributing factors to the hazards it might pose to human health and the environment. The health concerns of PVC plastics, if any, are still highly debatable. Future of PVC Plastics PVC plastics account for a lot of plastics that are used in the world today. This material is ranked as the third most used plastic falling behind  polyethylene  and  polypropylene. The concerns regarding its threat to human health have prompted research around the use of sugarcane ethanol as the feedstock for PVC instead of naphtha. Additional research is also being conducted on bio-based plasticizers as a solution for phthalate-free plasticizers. These experiments are still in their initial stages, but the hope is to develop more sustainable forms of PVC that do not affect human health or threaten the environment during the manufacture, use and disposal stages. With the many excellent characteristics that PVC presents, it continues to be a widely used plastic across various industries.

The Exploitation Of Africans And Members Of The African...

Throughout American history, the exploitation of Africans and members of the African diaspora continues as a controversial topic among cultural critics because of America’s unwillingness to accept the flaws of its past. Discussions on whether the sentiments of slavery still impact people of the African diaspora are intricate. Furthermore, the marginalization of people of the African Diaspora continues to complexify the issue. Social concepts in modern America such as education, nationhood, fact making, discrimination, racism, systematic oppression, etc. all relate back to history, specifically slavery. Ultimately, Europeans’ dehumanization, exploitation, and demoralization of African slaves during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries†¦show more content†¦Comparable with hunting, after you find and capture a slave you must prevent them from escaping. In preparation of a revolt, Europeans would have multiple tactics in place to instill control, â€Å"European s had learned to prepare for rebellion as early as 1651.† (Gomez 76). Forcing nakedness upon the Africans created a sense of vulnerability; furthermore, Europeans apprehended African men with wrist and ankle chains to avoid rebellion. Comparatively, women were chained and kept separate from their male counterparts to discourage escape. Separating the men and women was not solely in case of revolt, it was also a way to control the slaves mentally and physically. According to Gomez, â€Å"the separation of male and female captives also facilitated the long, sordid history of the rape of African women and girls by European men, a humiliation that began before they were ever sold to the New World† (76). These dark methods along with many others would influence the future treatment Africans and eventually people of African descent experience, painting a bleak narrative in the Americas riddled with racism, prejudice, discrimination, and oppression. Problems such as discrimination, exclusivity, separation, and racism significantly affect the Black identity and relate back to Slavery. Europeans’ successful efforts to control African Slaves have resulted in a series of modernShow MoreRelatedEssay on African Diaspora1818 Words   |  8 Pageswhat is the African diaspora? (Who should be considered in the African diaspora? How is this like the black Atlantic and how is it different?). Students should use the Colin Palmer piece to answer this question. In its most recognizable form, the African diaspora refers to the many cultures and societies abroad that exist throughout the world as the result of the historic movement, mostly forced, of native Africans to other parts of the globe. 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When the Montgomery bus boycott began in December 1955, all but four African nations were under colonial rule; when King delivered his last public speech on April 3, 1968, thirty-six African countries had gained their independence. Most scholarship on King’s internationalRead MoreHistorical and Ethnographical Study of the Rastafari Religion2398 Words   |  10 Pagesespecially in and around Kingston, who believe in being repatriated to a designated homeland in Africa. Through their reinterpretation of the bible, an ascetic-leaning lifestyle, and heavy influence of previous Revivalist religions and African Myal traditions, they have carved a religion that is worldly, conscientious, and , now, world renouned. Icons such as Bob Marley, spliffs, their red, gold, and green flag, and their memorable accent make these people very interesting

In the life of obsessive Jonas brother fans. free essay sample

You park the car and start walking. You look around and see the sleeping bags laid out on the sides of the roads, the tents set up near the Port-a-Potties, and the huge line wrapping around the entire arena. You wait on the hour-line just to pour out your love in marker on the tour bus. You hear screams and cries from outside the arena. You can hear the excitement growing and getting more intense. You finally walk into the arena to find thousands and thousands of people. You wait and fight with people on line to buy a new poster, or a new shirt, or even a glow stick to try and get their attention. As you start walking to your seat, you look around and see the skinny jeans jumping up and down; you see every color Ray Ban ever made; you see the t-shirts with the faces and lyrics of your favorite band on them; clearest of all, you see the huge signs screaming â€Å"I LOVE YOU, NICK,† or the signs quoting the lyrics of their songs â€Å"JOE, I’M BURNING UP FOR YOU, BABY!à ¢â‚¬  You even see the occasional signs asking, â€Å"KEVIN, WILL YOU MARRY ME?† There’s more to the tears rolling down the girls’ faces, and there’s more to the obnoxious signs and piercing screams. We will write a custom essay sample on In the life of obsessive Jonas brother fans. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This involves love and dedication. This describes my life. This describes the place where I belong and the place where I love to be. This is the definition of the obsessive Jonas Brothers fan

Section B pre 1914 and post 1914 poetry Essay Example

Section B: pre 1914 and post 1914 poetry Essay 22. Compare the way the poets present family relationships in two poems from List A and two from List A. Family relationships are evident in many of the poems in the anthology, they are central to most peoples lives, and the poems present how these relationships can change with age, and how they often fraught with conflict. I have decided to analyse: Digging by Heaney, Baby-sitting by Clarke, The Affliction of Margaret (TAOM) by Wordsworth and On my first Sonne (OMFS) by Jonson. In Digging, Heaney presents a relationship that spans three generations; the author, his father and his grandfather. The respect, admiration and love with which the young Heaney feels for his elders contrasts with the poets admitted apathy and coldness towards an unrelated child in Baby-sitting: I dont love / This baby. In TAOM, Wordsworth uses powerful imaginary to portray a mothers tormented anguish over her fragmented relationship with her son. Seven years, alas! to have received / No tidings of an only child, she laments. In OMFS, the poet writes as though he is talking to his much-loved son, and suggests that his greatest achievement, his best piece of poetry; is the boy. Both poems involve strong, powerful emotions: the love that a parent feels for their child, both parents grieve for their children, although in Affliction of Margaret the exact fate of the child, now an adult, is unknown. We will write a custom essay sample on Section B: pre 1914 and post 1914 poetry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Section B: pre 1914 and post 1914 poetry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Section B: pre 1914 and post 1914 poetry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Digging, contrasts the hard physical lives of parent and grandparent to the somewhat easier life of a writer, although the author is wistful of their skilful labours. At the start, the poet sees his old father digging in the garden, and this reminds him of how skilled and strong his father and grandfather were at digging; By God, the old man could handle a spade. However, the poet appears to feel guilt that he has not followed in their footsteps, while his father is outside digging; he is inside writing. He says, Ive no spade to follow men like them as if he knows he lacks their strength and perseverance. Once I carried him milk in a bottle / Corked sloppily with paper. He straightened up / To drink it, then fell to it right away. The phrase corked sloppily with paper suggests that the author feels inadequate, he brings refreshment but his father is so absorbed with his task that he only pauses briefly to drink, unaware of the boys presence. By the end of the poem, Heaney feels more triumphant and hopes to gain the same pride and sense of worth with the use of a pen as previous generations did with a spade; The squat pen rests. / Ill dig with it. The poem ends with this emotional phrase as the poet reconciles himself by drawing similarities from the pen and the spade. Similarly, TAOM and OMFS are poems in which the protagonist idolises a family member. In TAOM, a woman called Margaret worries over her son who disappeared 7 years ago, and even though the reader never meets the son, he is an important character in the poem. Margarets memories of her son are warm, loving and positive, she says He was among the prime in worth, / An object beauteous to behold. However, Margarets love appears to border on obsession, and the reader wonders whether Margarets suffocating adoration of the child offers a hint of the true reason for the sons absence and lack of contact. Margaret says, Of Him I wait for day and night, the capital H reflects Margarets infatuation and worship of the absent child, as a deity. Jonson also expresses strong emotions similar to Margarets in OMFS. Jonsons relationship with his son was such that; upon the childs passing, Jonson actually says he envies his son, because in heaven you do not have to deal with all the travesties that happen in life: For why / Will man lament the state he should envie?. The poem is written as though Jonson is talking directly to his son: thowert lent to me, and I thee pay. This is a very personal sentiment, and the reader really feels how close he and his son were, as though the poem is intended to be his childs eulogy. Jonson also uses language found usually on gravestones, for example: here doth lye; this enforces the fact that the poet is writing a speech in praise and tribute of his recently deceased child. A poem which depicts a dysfunctional, abnormal parent/child relationship, is Baby-sitting; in the poem, Clarke skilfully uses language to present her feelings as a mother looking after someone elses child, in a house which isnt hers. Clarke almost sounds emotionless at times, and describes the baby in an uncaring, business-like way: She is a perfectly acceptable child. She feels detached from the girl and seems to see her as an object and an inconvenience, rather than a human. Clarke even uses the recurring semantic field of witchcraft with phrases like: enchant and familiar, to suggest that the child is otherworldly.

Analysis Of The Hounds Of Tindalos Essays - Hounds Of Tindalos

Analysis Of The Hounds Of Tindalos Essays - Hounds Of Tindalos Analysis Of The Hounds Of Tindalos Textual Analysis The Hounds of Tindalos The Hounds of Tindalos is a short science fiction story containing many and varied elements that have been long associated with the genre of science fiction. This essay will identify these elements, examining their placement within this short text and also the interchange of these elements with the characteristics of other genres, more specifically, horror. Belknap Long, the author, was clearly intent of incorporating the elements of horror within the genre of science fiction and this amalgamation of these two genres was a popular combination employed by future horror and SF writers. Perhaps the inclusion of horror within the SF genre is a comment in itself about perceptions of SF held by writers, the elements of horror being a cautionary warning to those in the science world. Longs main character is Halpin Chalmers, a self proclaimed rebel and champion of originality and lost causes. From the start it is clear there are present within this text some elements of the SF genre that seem to be in just about every SF story, beginning with the main character. Many writers have as their main characters people who are non-conformists, who wish to boldly go where no one has gone before and who are willing to take seemingly illogical and irrational risks in the hope of furthering makinds scientific discoveries. Chalmers is no exception in this as he willingly partakes in an ancient Chinese drug that is a known powerful hallucinogen in a bid to go back in time. There is of course the proverbial wet blanket in the shape of the narrator, known only as Frank, who believes his friend Chalmers to be quite mad, but who never-the-less agrees to aid his friend in his bizarre experiment despite the risks he is taking. Frank represents all those characters in SF stories who a re the skeptics, the non believers, who have a solid faith in the science of the present, and who consider characters like Chalmers to be eccentric and bizarre. The setting of The Hounds of Tindalos is in the late 1920s and the location is Central Square. Chalmers apartment room is where most of the story takes place. The room is in keeping with Chalmers character as a rejector of modern science and one who is still entranced with the historical side of science and history preferring illuminated manuscripts to automobiles and leering stone gargoyles to radios and adding machines. The room eventually becomes a doorway for Chalmers, a place where he can go back in time and also a place where he can be hunted through time. The transformation of the room through the application of plaster of Paris was an intersting one I felt as it appeared to directly contradict many other SF strories where the door to parallel universes, dimensions and time is often spherical in shape. Chalmers believes that making his room devoid of any sharp angles and strange curves that he will escape the Hounds, that in making his room spherical in shape he will avoid det ection and the scenting of the Hounds. In the end this obviously does not work as Chalmers ends up dead, however the question to ask would be whether or not the Hounds found him simply because the plaster fell off the walls and they were able to come through the angles between the walls, floor and ceiling, or was it because the room was now spherical thanks to the the plaster. I would answer with the former given his statement to Frank about the foul and the pure. The foul expresses itself through angles; the pure through curves. The language Long uses in his story is very descriptive, enabling the reader to visualise quite vividly the scenes that take place in the room. Through the narrators eyes we see clearly the changes that occur in the main character Chalmers as the drug takes effect and transports him through time in the various different periods of history. It is a very rapid journey yet the author has managed with minimal amounts of words to convey exactly where Chalmers went and what he witnessed from the acting of a Shakespearian play in an Elizabethan theatre to him

Abrahamic, East Asian and South Asian Religions and Concept of Religious Tolerance

Abrahamic, East Asian and South Asian Religions and Concept of Religious Tolerance While there is no particular unequivocal commandment in the holy books that states ‘thou shall not permit intolerance’, it is without doubt that religious tolerance on values, truth and beliefs is yet to be realized since it is the nature of religions to compete. Studies indicate that the capacity religions have been massively affected by competition, religious condemnations and conflicts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Abrahamic, East Asian and South Asian Religions and Concept of Religious Tolerance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Carlos argues that religious tolerance is an important component that encompasses a moral reason by a particular religion to practice restraint from making counterproductive utterances or interfering with the affairs of other religions (777). Different religions have diverse sets of beliefs and practices. This has bred lack of tolerance. It is from this consideration that t his paper provides an in-depth analysis of Abrahamic, East Asian and South Asian religions with regards to the concept of religious tolerance. A brief analysis of the concept of religious tolerance Perhaps, Costa was correct when he indicated that a society will never be successful until it addresses fully the problem of religious tolerance among different religions (322). Religious differences in terms of practices and beliefs have been major causes of conflicts and religious disagreements in countries like Bosnia, Beirut and Belfast for many years. Of critical importance is the distressing issue of terrorism by Al Qaeda that has projected wars on a global scale. It is indeed true that religious tolerance and the problem of religious diversity present a major danger to individuals, societies and the world at large. This springs from certain religions which view themselves as better and more advanced than others (323). Owing to this peculiar alignment, these religions develop specif ic standards that are mostly used to define them from others and use it as the main platform for judging others. At this point, analysts tend to wonder why a religious group would disregard others and holistically undermine the need for diversity. Theologians and philosophers almost unanimously agree that religious diversity and tolerance present a challenging problem that poses epistemological challenges. The major world religions such as Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism and Hinduism have different belief systems which make them unique. This presents major challenges as addressed below.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Abrahamitic religions Abrahanmic religions as Neal posits is a group of monotheistic faith whose beginning can be traced from Abraham and which emphasizes spiritual practices of Abraham (497). Some of the Abrahamic religions include Islam, Chris tianity and Judaism. The latter believe that religious practices and beliefs sprang from Abraham’s grandson named Jacob. It views God in a strictly unitary manner and prefers the Hebrew Bible. On the other hand, Christianity evolved into a religion from Judaism with its own set of practices and beliefs. Christianity as a religion is considered to be a belief system based on the life and teachings of Jesus. These teachings found in the Bible show God’s saving plan for humanity through Jesus Christ. In this belief system, Christians are also made to believe that demons and angels exist and that they (Christians) are partners with God in accomplishing God’s purposes. Finally, Islam is a religion which as formed in the 7th century BC in Arabia (Carlos 777). Its adherents who are the Muslims, believe in the ultimate authority, teachings and practices of the Quran ad Muhammad. While Abrahamic religions share certain similarities like monotheistic believes and a regard of God as the supreme source of moral law, it is without uncertainty that they exhibit different fundamental doctrines, beliefs and practices through which they can mobilize philosophical arguments. For instance, Christian practices and beliefs such as mystical virtuosi and mundane experiences differ with that of Islam which does not believe in the Holy Spirit, a consideration which each religion justifies from its source of moral law. Besides, Christian practices of forced conversion such as those practiced by the Roman Catholic Church goes against the practices of other religions and do not only offend human dignity, but also pollute the religion (Schmidt-Leukel 379). Muslims believe in proselytizing their religion and forcefully spread it to an extent of killing those who reject their faith through holy wars (Husin, Malek and Gapor 113). Judaism unlike Christianity rejects explicit missionaries and believes that righteousness comes from adhering to Noahide laws (Husin, Malek and Gapor 113).These differences among others present vexing challenges to tolerance and pitch one religion as an unvanquished rival to the rest.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Abrahamic, East Asian and South Asian Religions and Concept of Religious Tolerance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More East Asian and South Asian religions East Asian religions are a group of religions considered to be distinct religions families forming the subset of Eastern religions. Some of the religions in this group as indicated by Schmidt-Leukel include Chinese, Mahayana Buddhism, Confucianism, Chongdogyo, Chen Tao, Shinto, Caodaism and Taoism (379). It is imperative to point out that their philosophies, practices and concepts are based on Tao. Studies reveal that while the East Asian Religious practices differ with those of major religious groups, they bear some semblance with those of the Indian religions and Abrahamic religions. Even so, Costa argues that this does not mean that members of the Abrahamic religion tolerate East Asian religions as they exhibit major peculiarities (323). One of them is their non-theistic or polytheistic nature with other varieties like agnostic, panestheistic and henostheistic in Asia and abroad. While most of the East Asian religions find their tolerance of each other on Tao, other religions find it difficult to embrace and tolerate their practice such as emptiness, relativism and spontaneity in Taoism and belief in animistic spirits in Confucianism. On the other hand, South Asian religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism have been considered by many analysts as dynamic and vibrant religious faith in the world today due to the fusion of non-Verdict Shramana traditions of native south Asia with the verdict religion of Indo-Aryan. An analysis of religious tolerance The ability of religions or adherents of different religions to display tolerance despite their diversity in practices and be liefs is one of the key platforms towards greater cooperation, adherence, holistic contribution by all and eventual growth and development of a society. Minimizing religious conflicts has been considered by Quinn as a main principle that could facilitate a new outline towards a highly united society at the local and national level (136). In agreement, Quinn’s indication that addressing problems affecting religious tolerance requires a holistic involvement at all levels in world religions appears to cohere with that of Schmidt-Leukel who indicates that it is the dark cloud of religious wars that has over the years suppressed the ability of the individuals and the society to progress (379).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One such difference as already indicated in the paper is the practice by Christians of forceful conversion and the Jihad of Muslims or their forceful spread of Islamic beliefs. However, analysts appear divided over the actual methods that could be employed in addressing the problem. Up to date, most religions that do not share beliefs and practices have failed to tolerate each other and instead referred to others as alien and their practices as ridiculous. Take for instance the perspective held by Christian that they are the religion that is closer to the truth than others (Husin, Malek and Gapor 113). This not only creates the notion of competition and pride, but sets other religions as inferior. The Muslims on the other hand, are persuaded by their belief to slay unbelievers through acts of war, a consideration that makes other religions to recoil with horror. This has led to religious discrimination mostly witnesses between Christians and Muslims. As if that is not enough, Quinn pillories that the trial to infer balance and tolerance between one religion and another has remained a hard nut to crack (137). However, it is the resilience of wars between religious facts that has remained a thorn in the fresh for long. In the Middle East, Husin, Malek and Gapor indicate that both Muslims and Christian consider themselves be superior and therefore invoke major conflicts in the region (112). Further on religion, Quinn accuses the followers advocating water while they take wine by failing to adhere to doctrines of brotherliness and care for others as advocated for by Christ, Gautama and Mohammed in Islam (139). Conclusions From the discussion, it is clear that different religions have various practices and beliefs that govern them. These differences have largely contributed towards the challenge of religious tolerance since each religion seems to idealize its practice and regard others as inferior. There is need for religions to desist from condemning and criticizi ng practices and belief systems held by others. Instead, there is need to cultivate respect, understanding and tolerance. Carlos, Valderrama Adrians. Tolerance and religious freedom: the struggle in Peru to tolerate multiple cultures in light of principles of religious freedom. Brigham Young University Law Review 2007.3 (2007): 775-790. Print. Costa, Gustavo. John Locke, Toleration and early enlightenment culture: religious intolerance and arguments for religious tolerance in early modern and ‘early enlightenment’ Europe. Renaissance Quarterly 60.1 (2007): 322-3223. Print. Husin Azrina, Nor Malina Malek and Salfarina, Abdul Gapor. Cultural and religious tolerance and acceptance in urban housing: a study of multi-ethnic Malaysia. Asian Social Science 8.2 (2012): 112-118. Print. Neal, Lynn. The first prejudice: religious tolerance and intolerance in early America. Journal of Church and State 53.3 (2011): 497-499. Print. Quinn, Philip L. On religious diversity tolerance. Daedalus 134.1 (2005): 136-139. Print. Schmidt-Leukel, Perry. Beyond tolerance: towards a new step in inter-religious relationships. Scottish Journal of Theology 55.4 (2002): 379-391. Print.

Demonsrate the principle of war that most influenced the battle of Essay

Demonsrate the principle of war that most influenced the battle of paardeberg - Essay Example For instance, the British used the military principle of concentration of effort. Objective of effort is a military principle that requires that all military operations should be directed towards a clearly defined goal or attainable objective. In this case, the sole objective of the British army was to defeat the Boers and destroy their will or ability to continue fighting. To achieve their objective, the British were well equipped in terms of manpower and weaponry (Gilman 20). They had more that 3 times the size of opponents’ troops. Having a large army that far outnumbered the opponents was a good tactic to achieve the objective of completely wiping out Boer aggression. To reach the objective, the British army also had to secure some important points for safety and logistical reasons. The relief of Kimberly prior to the Paardeberg victory proved worthwhile to the British efforts in defeating the Boers (Miller and Vandome 41). Lord Roberts was the British commander who oversaw the relief of Kimberly and the capture of Bloemfontein, which was a Boer stronghold. Another plan that was in line with Britain’s objective to destroy the enemy was the plan to abandon the railway link to the coast (Gilman 34). Cronje, the Boer military leader had not thought that the British could actually leave the railway line that served as a link to the coast and out of South Africa if they were defeated. However, the British did abandon the railway ink and this enabled them to attack the Boers with very little resistance. Another factor that played to British’s advantage was the fact that the Boer army was greatly slowed down by the presence of children and women (Miller and Vandome 59). The British army under Roberts had a clear goal in mind and nothing, not even the civilians inside Boer camps could make them slow down on their advances. The British never wavered even once on